Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. He wrote, 'A revival may be expected when Christians have a spirit of prayer for revival.' All rights reserved. But that theology didn't line up with the Revolutionary sense of national and personal achievement. Nettleton was a successful evangelist, who saw as many as 30,000 conversions. The life of the entire area was profoundly influenced. . At the heart of this movement was a series of revivals. The term was coined by Charles Grandison Finney, who in his 1876 book Autobiography of Charles G. Finney referred to a "burnt district" to denote an area in central and western New York State during the Second Awakening. A person couldn't possibly change God's mind, so a Christian's job was to prove to himself and others that he was one of the chosen. Creating State Constitutions After the American Revolution, Quiz & Worksheet - The Second Great Awakening, Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill: The American Revolution Begins, The Second Continental Congress and Thomas Paine's Common Sense, The Declaration of Independence: Text, Signers and Legacy, Primary Source: The Declaration of Independence, British Loyalists vs. American Patriots During the American Revolution, George Washington's Leadership at Trenton, Saratoga & Valley Forge, John Paul Jones and the Naval Battles of the Revolutionary War, Loyalists in the Southern Colonies at the End of the Revolutionary War, The Battle of Yorktown and the Treaty of Paris, American Revolution: Social and Economic Impact, Biological and Biomedical These new methods included praying for persons by name, allowing women to pray and testify, encouraging people under conviction to come forward, mobilizing the entire community through groups of workers visiting homes, and displacing the routine services of the church with special services held each evening, sometimes for periods of weeks. courses that prepare you to earn Historian Whitney R. Cross wrote: According to another leading American minister, Lyman Beecher, a hundred thousand in the nation made religious affiliations within a year, an event “unparalleled in the history of the church.”. Today they are still the biggest Protestant denominations in America. The revivals first stirred during the 1790s, but two major events after the turn of the century are often given as the starting point for the Second Great Awakening. Does this sound familiar to you? If you're an American, the statistical odds are that you share the spiritual values the Revolutionaries fostered, even if you don't belong to one of their religions. Unlike the First Great Awakening, which had its roots in Calvinism, the Second Great Awakening was much more Arminian and was characterized by postmillennialism and an exuberant worship style. Would you expect a revolutionary who believed that God had just helped him defeat the King of England to agree with a church that said he had no hope of making it to heaven? In Finney’s day preaching was often very formal. So Americans kicked off their religious revolution by changing the name from 'Anglican' to 'Episcopal.' He has been called The Father of Modern Revivalism. But after the war, they wanted something that reflected their own values, something more American. The revolutionary spirit of self-reliance led Americans to shun the earlier denominations that believed in predestination in favor of the Baptist and Methodist teachings of human free will and responsibility. The inspirational and emotional messages led some people to believe that they were literally filled with the spirit of God at these meetings, just like men in the Bible had experienced. The Gospel was meant by God to do more than just get people saved. Lawyer, theologian and college president, Charles Grandison Finney was also the most famous revivalist of the Second Great Awakening. Charles G. Finney. Finney believed in the power of prayer to bring about change in society and the human heart. His eyes were “large and blue, at times mild as an April sky, and at others, cold and penetrating as polished steel,” one observer stated. succeed. When Finney opened evangelistic meetings in the town of Western, NY, in October 1825, he could not suspect that he was beginning seven years of the most intense evangelistic activity that the United States has seen. What was one of the main messages of the Second Great Awakening? Similar manifestations occurred in the First and Second Great Awakenings at Charles Finney’s meetings In America, where he led more than a half million people to the Lord. The revival Finney began in Western soon spread to nearby towns. The Anglican Church was reformed into the Episcopal Church, and the Second Great Awakening was launched. He has been called the "Father of Modern Revivalism." Charles Grandison Finney (August 29, 1792–August 16, 1875) was a leader in the Second Great Awakening and has been called “The Father of Modern Revivalism.” Finney was an innovative revivalist, an opponent of Old School Presbyterian theology, an advocate of Christian Perfectionism, a pioneer in social reforms in favor of women and African Americans, a religious writer, and president at Oberlin … The spirit of the Revolution led to changes in American churches in the post-war years. 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Already registered? Before the Second Great Awakening, what were women expected to do? This was especially true in the Protestant Northeast. Some non-traditional groups emerged, such as the Transcendentalists, who sought spirituality apart from religion, and the Communal Oneida Society. e. the Burned-Over District of New York. Like 1st, 2nd Awakening widened gaps between classes and religions. Morality came to the forefront of daily life, but individuals might be led to interpret this in different ways, engendering a new value of personal responsibility that has become an important character trait in the American psyche. That is why Finney is so popular. The Mormon religion originated in. Yet, for every critic who found fault, Finney had supporters who praised his aggressive evangelism. She has a BSEd in English Education. Create an account to start this course today. Have you ever been handed a tract with an explanation of Christianity? Concluding thoughts on our great need to pray. The state of Virginia, which had previously supported the Anglican Church as a colony, led the way in separating church from government altogether. Sociology 110: Cultural Studies & Diversity in the U.S. CPA Subtest IV - Regulation (REG): Study Guide & Practice, Properties & Trends in The Periodic Table, Solutions, Solubility & Colligative Properties, Electrochemistry, Redox Reactions & The Activity Series, Distance Learning Considerations for English Language Learner (ELL) Students, Roles & Responsibilities of Teachers in Distance Learning. The meetings continued until 9 March 1831, and brought him international fame. One of the most influential revivalists of the Second Great Awakening was Charles Finney. The reform movements of the Second Great Awakening established a tradition of perfecting human society which would manifest later in the Progressive Era, the Civil Rights Movement, and the later waves of feminism. At that point the length of the Second Great Awakening was remarkable; for over a quarter-century it had blessed America, fostering the sending of missionaries … Then he moved his work to the city of Utica; a Presbyterian pastor there said the services were made “solemn and sometimes terribly so by the presence of God which made sinners afraid and Christians humble and still.” In Utica another 500 converts were made, and 1,000 added to the rolls of churches in the surrounding area. After the Revolution, Americans turned their rebellious spirit toward religion. One of the most influential was Charles Finney. Charles Grandison Finney (August 29, 1792 – August 16, 1875) was an American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. Rumors and exaggerations had, of course, been flying; according to these, Finney was a wild eyed ranter of the most dangerous type, who was bringing the Second Awakening into disgrace. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. Evangelist Charles Grandison Finney, one of the foremost preachers and revivalists of the Second Great Awakening, was influenced by an array of theological traditions. What was referred to as the Second Great Awakening? You can test out of the Select a subject to preview related courses: As a result of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, the United States' boundary now extended all the way to the Mississippi River, and by 1850, the population grew from just under four million people to more than 23 million. He eventually served as Oberlin College's president. 13 chapters | Sometimes, more than one preacher at a time would be speaking in different corners, turning church into a marketplace where people chose their favorite brand. No history of American Christianity can omit the life and theology of Charles Finney. What is the Difference Between Blended Learning & Distance Learning? Not sure what college you want to attend yet? And while the Second Great Awakening did increase church attendance, its most enduring legacy may have been an intertwining of Christian values with civic values. One of the foremost evangelists had been Asahel Nettleton, a quiet, scholarly Calvinist who insisted on reverence in his meetings. Whatever people’s opinions on these issues, there was no denying that Finney was winning great numbers of converts wherever he spoke. Methods were charles finney second great awakening New and striking that they were, as the Bible credit the Awakening center-stage... Leadership, and gave it another fifteen years of college and save off. The work of man carefully contrived revival techniques evolved ma jestic voice, could. 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