, who showed that high vaccine coverage was significantly and negatively correlated with the level of influenza … Most of the cases, the disease spread from the direct contact of infected horses in equestrian sports. Company: Merial Equine Influenza Vaccine, Live Canarypox Vector. The incubation period for the disease is between one to five days. Website Help, External Parasite and Vector Control Guidelines, https://www.usef.org/forms-pubs/ANcxoLX1gNs/equine-vaccination-rule-gr845. To optimise protection in horses that are in high risk situations the vaccine can be used to mimic natural infection and can be given every 6 months after the initial course of 3 vaccinations. Expert Surveillance Panel on Equine Influenza Vaccine Composition is publish ed on an annual basis outlining recommendations on suitable viral strains to use in the manufacture of the antigenic fraction of equine influenza vaccines in order that they provide an optimal level of efficacy against circulating equine influenza virus strains. In addition, the concerns and initiatives for the well-being of animals by animal welfare organizations led to imposing a positive impact on market growth. Fluvac Innovator vaccines help deliver demonstrated protection against circulating contemporary equine influenza viruses, and aid in the prevention of equine influenza due to type A2 viruses; equine rhinopneumonitis due to equine herpes virus (EHV) types 1 and 4; equine encephalomyelitis due to Eastern, Western and Venezuelan viruses; and tetanus. The H3N8 strain of equine influenza is not known to infect humans. The OIE also convenes an Expert Surveillance Panel on Equine Influenza Vaccine that examines the strains o… �bc8���/�p�ɗa13�
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@J��I���Y h�b```�%��[@��(����q����ሀ[��3����ľ��f`(�������q�i߬�̙kC䚮��;m��, ���� ����4��Hu0v0u`���wꁴ0��EB��L�>3�0�3�2�3�d�a In these countries most outbreaks are minor and sporadic, because of the high level of vaccination. The Equine Influenza Vaccine Manufacturers Profiles Market is experiencing tremendous growth owing to its severity, as it is a contagious disease and can rapidly transmissible. Horses 1–5 yr old are the most susceptible to infection. Vaccination Schedules Adult Horses. Surveillance, quarantine procedures and vaccination are widely used to prevent or to contain the disease. Does that mean horses need boosters when receiving a different EIV vaccine than they’ve gotten in the past? CALVENZA -03 EIV/EHV (combination vaccine) also meets USEF requirements. Vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) infection, but the currently available EIV live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has not … Equine influenza is caused by orthomyxovirus equine … Adult horses previously vaccinated against influenza: o Revaccinate annually. This study, however, is likely to be an … 0
The study assessed the effects of antigenic change on vaccine efficacy and the need for strain update. The VMD are the government body responsible for the safe and effective use of … Influenza Vaccination Protocols Vaccination is vital in protecting individual animals and preventing the spreadof disease. As for equine influenza, vaccine coverage is well known to be essential to prevent human influenza, as recently illustrated by Uchida et al. CONTENTS: RECOMBITEK ® Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine contains lyophilized recombinant canarypox viruses plus a sterile liquid diluent. There are two types of equine influenza virus vaccine currently marketed: Inactivated (killed) vaccines for intramuscular administration. Rendle D, Ivens P, Bowen M, Lawrence H et al (2019) Equine influenza: A current reference for vets in practice in the UK. 493 0 obj
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The infection causes an elevated temperature and coughing which is an easy method of spread from one horse to another. Vaccines are produced according to the guidelines in Chapter 2.5.7 of the OIE . rFLU-SD. Two canarypox vector viruses have been modified using recombinant technology to express the hemagglutinin (HA) antigens of A/Eq/Kentucky/94 (H3N8) and A/Eq/Newmarket/2/93 … Studies with inactivated equine influenza vaccine: 2. Equine Influenza vaccine Vaccines are available to help prevent equine influenza, but they are considered aids and not preventative in their own right. Outbreaks of the disease are occurring with increased frequency worldwide despite the widespread use of vaccines. The horses most at risk should be vaccinated three or four times a year. Equine Influenza Vaccination . EI is endemic in Europe (except Iceland) and in North and South America. Equine Influenza is a viral respiratory disease which is highly contagious to susceptible horses. Horses in training in the UK must be vaccinated with an Equine Influenza vaccine that is currently authorised by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD). Equine Influenza vaccination. Equine influenza (EI) is an acute, highly contagious, viral disease that can cause rapidly-spreading outbreaks of respiratory disease in susceptible populations of horses. Sequence determination of both HA and NAs should be completed before u. Equine influenza outbreaks occur worldwide and most often affect horses that are unvaccinated or have been vaccinated but not within the required time intervals set by regulatory bodies or vaccine manufacturers. Orthomyxovirus A/equine-2 was first recognized in 1963 as a cause of widespread epidemics and has subsequently become endemic in many countries, except for New Zealand and Iceland. … Paillot R, Pitel P-H, Pronost S, Legrand L et al (2019) Florida clade 1 equine influenza virus in France. Through following the advised vaccination procedure, you are not only protecting your own horse, but also increasing the UK’s herd immunity. Influenza is a risk-based vaccine, according to Dr. Mark Crisman, senior veterinarian, Equine Technical Services at Zoetis. … The key to prevention is … Equine influenza virus (EIV) undergoes continuous antigenic drift, and vaccine protection from immunogenic stimulation is maximised when vaccines strains have greater homogeneity to circulating strains. Equine Influenza Vaccine “KMB” 454 0 obj
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Modified-live vaccine for intranasal administration. We manufacture and sell monovalent equine influenza vaccine as well as triple-mix combination vaccine for equine influenza, Japanese encephalitis, and tetanus. The virus can be spread via the airborne route by an infected horse, via direct contact or indirectly by handlers. Vaccination is an effective tool to limit equine influenza virus (EIV H3N8) infection, a contagious respiratory disease with potentially huge economic impact. All horses are at risk of flu as in certain weather cond… 475 0 obj
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Equine influenza can cause significant losses to the equine industry and infections can be fatal.
Protection against experimental infection with influenza virus A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8) - Volume 90 Issue 3 - Jennifer Mumford, J. M. Wood, A. M. Scott, C. Folkers, G. C. Schild %PDF-1.5
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Our research into equine vaccines ensure we provide our customers with products they can rely on. It is estimated that one infected horse can easily infect ten in-contact horses causing the rapid spread of the disease. Figure 1. The latest outbreak of equine influenza took place in Australia in August 2007. Vaccination is an integral component of preventive medicine in equine practice. Equine flu or equine influenza is a viral disease of horses characterized by severe nasal discharge, coughing, difficulty in breathing, and caused by Equine Influenza Virus Type-A (H7N7) and Type-B(H3N8). Manufacturers producing vaccines for a strictly national market are encouraged to liaise with reference laboratories. Subclinically affected vaccinated horses can shed live virus and represent a threat to unvaccinated or inappropriately vaccinated horses. Vaccinations are an important part of preventative health planning, with appropriate vaccination helping to protect your horse from a number of important, sometimes life-threatening diseases. Equine influenza is highly contagious and spreads rapidly among naive horses. H0* �h���@BpHLH4/�� �6F�P�E��$�3} 0 ��N
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��+ However, due to the variability of the strains of virus in circulation, and the difficulty in matching the vaccine strain to the strains of virus in circulation, vaccination does not always prevent infection although it can reduce the severity of the disease and speed recovery times. Laver, R.G. In Pract 41 (2), 84-87 BMJ. Evidence implicating duck and equine influenza viruses as possible progenitors of the Hong Kong strain of human influenza: W.G. An equine influenza outbreak that included vaccinated horses occurred in Sweden in 1991/1992. %%EOF
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Global Equine Influenza Vaccine Market is estimated to be valued US$ XX.X million in 2019. Vaccination is practiced in most countries. Causes of Equine Influenza. Estimates suggest that only 50 percent of the equine population in the UK are vaccinated against influenza. Equine influenza (EI) is a serious respiratory disease of horses induced by the equine influenza virus (EIV). The VETERA vaccine line *USEF requires documentation of both Equine Influenza (EIV) and Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) vaccinations within 6 months to enter USEF-licensed show grounds. Equine influenza H3N8 American and Eurasian sublineages. The selected viruses should induce responses which are immunogenically relevant to the equine influenza viruses circulating nationally. Equine influenza is a highly contagious disease that is very common in horses but that rarely causes death. Researchers investigated. This study aimed to further characterise the immune response induced by a non-update … endstream
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Vet Rec 184 (3), 101-101 BMJ. Equine vaccination is most commonly performed against equine influenza (EI) and tetanus, with an owner‐based survey reporting 71.3% horses were vaccinated for both EI and tetanus in Great Britain 1 with lower vaccination rates in ponies, retired and companion animals. Another epidemic occurred in China during 1993 to 1994 in an unvaccinated rural horse population and was caused by a strain related to the H3N8 virus circulating in Europe. The vaccine reduces the signs of equine influenza and the excretion (shedding) of the virus after infection. Reference reagents The vaccine is given as an injection into a muscle. Equine influenza is highly contagious and sometimes can be fatal. The report on Equine Influenza Vaccine Market provides qualitative as well as quantitative analysis in terms of market dynamics, competition scenarios, opportunity analysis, market growth, etc. Q: What Equine Influenza vaccines can I use? Durham A (2019) Choosing an equine influenza vaccine. Thus, for instance, the old vaccine strain A/equine/Miami/63 induces antibodies that protect against viruses isolated in the 1960s, but we would not expect this strain to protect against current viruses. Not all equine influenza vaccines are the same. The disease is contagious and occurs worldwide. In the past 20 years serious outbreaks have occurred in a number of countries (including Australia in 2007), associated with importations of subclinically infecte… This is partly due to the fact that there is minimal evolutionary pressure to generate strains with higher virulence, so the equine influenza virus evolves slowly in comparison to other influenza viruses. Equine influenza vaccination Equine influenza is a highly contagious disease of horses. endstream
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