Sprouts can be added to salads. The margins of the leaves are smooth. The seeds may be eaten, raw or cooked, ground into a flour, or sprouted. 16(4). Characteristics. Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae with several common names, including red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, red-rooted pigweed, common amaranth, pigweed amaranth, and common tumbleweed. However, A. retroflexus (red pigweed) and several additional species of this genus are toxic to cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and, rarely, horses. Britton, N.L., and A. Amaranthus retroflexus . Usually such plants are treated. redroot pigweed. are annual herbaceous plants with a short growing period of about 4–6 weeks. Although portions of this plant are edible, ingestion is detrimental to … Numerous, small, green monoecious flowers with prominent bracts that are longer than their tepals. Jan Kępczyński, Paweł Sznigir, Response of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds to gibberellic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid depending on duration of stratification and burial, Plant Growth Regulation, 10.1007/s10725-012-9774-3, 70, 1, (15-26), (2012). Amaranthus retroflexus - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMil It is native to the tropical Americas, but is widespread as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats. Amaranthus L. is genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants comprising approximately 70 species, with three subgenera, which contains both cultivated and wild types, where cultivated ones are used for food grains, leafy vegetables, potential forages and ornamentals. Several potential toxins, including nitrates, oxalates, and several unknown nephrotoxic and myocardiotoxic factors, have been associated with Amaranthus … The leaf blade is oval to diamond-shaped, but is usually broader at the base. It is used in the Indian state of Kerala to prepare a popular dish known as thoran by combining the finely cut leaves with grated coconut, chili peppers, garlic, turmeric and other ingredients. 2c) are tall, er… retroflexus Table 3 Correlation analysis on morphological and physiological traits of Amaranthus. The upper portion of the leaves are hairless, the undersides have hairs present along the veins and may be reddish or purple in color. It grows unbranched or with minimal branches. 991 1753 . The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of electromagnetic field on germination characteristics of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). [10], A. retroflexus is a weed and has developed resistance against fomesafen in Northeast China. The leaves are smaller in the upper portion of the central stem. SPECIES: Amaranthus retroflexus GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS : Rough pigweed is an introduced, coarse, monoecious, annual herb with taproots. amaranthus retroflexus characteristics. A Large Image of Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot amaranth) from the USDA PLANTS database The entire plant is used to make medicine. It is hardy to zone (UK) 4 and is frost tender. Amaranthus retroflexus, Red-root amaranth, Seeds per gram: 2200 Cultivation / direction of sowing: sow seed directly where it is to grow in lating spring. The leaves are nearly 15 cm (5.9 in) long on large individuals, the ones higher on the stem having a lance shape and those lower on the plant diamond or oval in shape. Its invasiveness causes yield loss in many vegetable row crops. Although portions of this plant are edible, ingestion is detrimental to pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, and Powell amaranth are three closely-related amaranths that have become serious cropland weeds throughout the United States and into southern Canada. form a strategic partnership called N.C. The grain is small, around 0.9–1.7 mm in diameter, with a weight around 0.6–1 g/1000 seed, and covered in a hard hull (Fig. This plant is eaten as a vegetable in different places of the world. The young leaves are also edible. 3 vols. Most pigweeds are tall, erect-to-bushy plants with simple, oval- to diamond-shaped, alternate leaves, and dense inflorescences (flower clusters) comprised of many small, greenish flowers. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a problematic weed encountered in U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] It will flower from July through September, the seeds ripen from August through October. This is an erect, annual herb reaching a maximum height near 3 m (9.8 ft). 4, p. 627. Redroot pigweed (Figs. The three species are discussed together because they are difficult to distinguish from one another in the field, have similar life cycles and habits of growth, and present similar management challenges in crop production. One glossy black to dark reddish brown seed is revealed when the bladder-like capsule splits, circumferentially, at maturity. Young leaves may be eaten raw or cooked. The plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male and female flowers. Amaranthus retroflexus, a dicot, is an annual herb that is not native to California; it has been naturalized in the wild. Germination of seeds from northern populations was significantly higher at 20°C than that from southern populations at the same temperature. A. retroflexus was used for a multitude of food and medicinal purposes by many Native American groups. Characteristics and … Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus retroflexus L. Redroot Amaranth Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Synonym(s): Amaranthus retroflexus var. Pl. retroflexus gh ght Shoot fresh weight rophyll b Leaf ight Stem ight s Leaf ight Stem chlorophyll a chlo al oids onoids Shoot dry weigh 1 0.84** 0.76* 0.80** 0.81** 0.87** 0.49ns 0.55 ns 0.56 ns 0.61 ns -0.40 ns They are sometimes ground into a powder and eaten as a substitute for cereal. Pigweedis the common name for several closely related summer annuals that have become major weeds of vegetable and row crops throughout the United States and much of the world. The fruit is a capsule less than 2 mm (0.079 in) long[4] with a "lid" which opens to reveal a tiny black seed. This plant can be distinguished from other pigweeds by its less dense terminal spike. [9] However, when supplied in moderation, it is regarded as an exceptionally nutritious fodder. E & S Livingstone 1962, "Amaranthus retroflexus | Redroot Pigweed | Male Finger", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_retroflexus&oldid=998425248, Pages using Tropicos template without author names, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 09:21. N.C. [3] It is native to the tropical Americas, but is widespread as an introduced species on most continents in a great number of habitats. of the investigated species. dev.] Sprouts can be added to salads. Another of A. retroflexus's common names is "pigweed" because it grows where hogs are pasture-fed. of Georgia, Bugwood.org. Nitrate poisoning in horses and ruminants is characterized by a bluish cast to the mucous membranes, respiratory distress, weakness and trembling. The central stem is stout, rounded, veined and covered with white hairs. Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds were harvested from plants grown under uniform conditions in Ames, Iowa, from seeds collected in North America and eastern Europe. Pigweeds are known nitrate accumulators, and amaranth responds similarly. Amaranthus retroflexus ← → Other Common Names: careless weed. 1 and 2a), smooth pigweed (Fig. Top of page A. retroflexus is thought to be a native riverbank pioneer of the central and … rough pigweed ... hairy stem can grow up to 6 1/2 feet in height. Although native to the lower 48, this warm season annual is considered a weed by most. Post navigation ← Previous News And Events Posted on December 2, 2020 by Other symptoms, such as bloat or methylglobineamia in the most severe cases, might reflect its high nitrate content. Amaranthus retroflexus L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Amaranthus (family Amaranthaceae ). As many as 117,000 seeds can be produced per plant. The stems are reddish near the base of the plant. Pigweeds accumulate nitrates, which can lead to nitrate poisoning in grazing animals such as horses and ruminants. High oxalate ingestion can result in kidney failure. The inflorescence is a large, dense cluster of flowers interspersed with spiny green bracts. They emerge, grow, flower, set seed, and die within the frost-free growing season. A relative of grain amaranth, redroot pigweed, (Amaranthus retroflexus), has been shown to have 24% crude protein and 79% in vitro digestible dry matter. In Madrid (2018-05-27) Courtesy: Dorina Pitorac, Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Physical Characteristics. Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Redroot pigweed is characterized by it's red tap root (usually present at the seedling stage of development), from which the plant gets it's name. Amaranthus spp. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b. Amaranthus retroflexus and A. graecizans show the smallest values (2.20 - 2.60). Such forage may cause fatal nephrotoxicity,[8] presumably because of its high oxalate content. The inflorescences and foliage show distinct colors ranging from purple to yellow. The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-23 ) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Sp. The leaves are alternate on the stem, long-stalked, and range from dull green to shiny or reddish green. Growing habits: Erect, stout summer annual herb Root anatomy: Fibrous roots from well-developed taproot which may or may not be red Leaf anatomy: Leaves alternately arranged & simple Reproduction: Terminal panicle of densely crowded stout spikes References: Weeds of the South by Charles T. Bryson and Michael S. DeFelice The seed, oil, and leaf are used as food. Pigweed is a multi-stemmed summer annual in the Amaranth family. This is an erect, annual herb reaching a maximum height near 3 m (9.8 ft). [11], Media related to Amaranthus retroflexus (category) at Wikimedia Commons, Watt, John Mitchell; Breyer-Brandwijk, Maria Gerdina: The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa 2nd ed Pub. It can be distinguished from other pigweeds by its shorter and stouter growth habit 9 However! Growing to 0.9 m ( 9.8 ft ): Rough pigweed is multi-stemmed... A tumbleweed worldwide as an exceptionally nutritious fodder Amaranth family smooth pigweed ( retroflexus. ( min-max ) ±st germination of seeds from northern populations was significantly higher 20°C! Loss in many cases they are sometimes ground into a powder and eaten a! Are reddish near the base ingestion is detrimental to … Physical Characteristics be eaten raw, or toasted methylglobineamia... 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