SCIENCE 7 th - BY PANKTI DAVE HEALTH AND DISEASE 2. Cancer prevention. Common cold. It was initially believed that either the corn itself, or some insect associated with corn, was causing pellagra. A disease of the peripheral nerves caused by a dietary deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). irregular heart beat. The symptoms of a mineral deficiency depend upon which nutrient the body lacks. Because lack of minerals can cause several other health diseases. If left untreated, rickets also can cause an extremely curved back, stunted growth, and frequent fractures—all of which can lead to permanent and debilitating deformity. Vitamin D Deficiency: In children a vitamin D deficiency can result in rickets, deformed bones, delayed growth, and soft teeth. The most telling symptoms of rickets are at the epiphyses (growth plates) of bones: The body is unable to lengthen bones by depositing calcium, and ends up with bones that flare outward in a “cupping” appearance. Deficiency of vitamin D is an exception. However, humans have not historically had a widespread significant problem acquiring these nutrients, as most plants absorb many minerals from the soil. In the 1880s, a doctor named Christiaan Eijkman began researching the causes of this epidemic at a laboratory in the Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta, Indonesia), and initially believed that the condition was caused by a bacterial infection. Even though its causes were unknown, many cultures realized that eating certain herbs could reverse the symptoms, and as long as there was access to fresh food, it was generally kept under control. The early symptoms of scurvy include spongy gums, pain in the joints, and blood spots appearing under the skin. What causes blistering of the skin in the sun, pale skin, a craving for raw meat, blood dripping from the mouth, aggression, and insanity? For example, vitamin C is easily destroyed during cooking. The disease of pirates: the grey-death. Unlike vitamin C, the human body is able to produce vitamin D, but only if it has the metabolic precursors available to it. Vitamin A is well-known for its role in skin health 8.Cells in two specific layers of the skin, called the dermis and epidermis, contain specialized receptors that pull vitamin A into the skin and keep it healthy 8.Because of its ability to keep your skin healthy, vitamin A is often added to both over-the-counter and prescription skin care items in the form of retinoids 8. It was eventually discovered that this was because the traditional processing of corn in the Americas involved “nixtamalization,” in which the kernels were soaked in limewater before hulling them. Companies pushing products with added vitamins and minerals can fool people into thinking that they’re eating a “healthy” food when they’re not—but it’s not like those vitamins and minerals are there for no reason. Cooking does not destroy them. Vitamin D is vital for keeping bones, teeth and muscles healthy. constipation, bloating, or abdominal pain. Some countries still ship unfortified cornmeal rather than corn masa (nixtamalized corn) or fortified cornmeal to developing countries or to their own impoverished populations. With the increased processing of our food throughout the 20th century, however, some of these minerals have been lost, and have had to be re-added to the average Western diet through supplementation. The area of highest prevalence was Northern Italy, where Francesco Frapoli of Milan called it “pelle agra,” meaning “sour skin.”. people with untreated celiac disease often are low in these: *iron *calcium *fiber *zinc *magnesium *folate *niacin Vitamin deficiencies generally present with apathy as the foremost behavioral symptom, but some nutritional deficiencies are reported to cause agitation and violence, usually as a result of psychosis (Table II).Pyridoxine (B 6) deficiency due to homocystinuria may cause psychosis.Folic acid deficiency in homocystinuria and hypomethioninemia may cause a schizophrenia-like syndrome. For much of human history, diseases of nutrient deficiency were the norm, and in some parts of the world, they still persist. A few deaths were attributable to other causes, but the vast majority were due to scurvy. A deficiency disease can be defined as a disease which is caused by the lack of essential nutrients or dietary elements such as vitamins and minerals in the human body. This belief was reinforced when much of France eliminated corn as a food staple and virtually eradicated the condition. Consuming too little of a vitamin can cause a nutritional disorder. Doctors and nutritionists still agree that the healthiest way to acquire your necessary vitamins and minerals is by eating a balanced diet and spending time outdoors each day, but in the course of modern life, that’s not always possible, and if people are going to eat poorly either way, we may as well keep them from dropping dead of scurvy. Vitamin D deficiency is common among certain groups of people (such as older people) even if they eat a variety of foods. Despite not being able to pinpoint the exact cause of scurvy, in the 18th century, naval physician James Lind was able to prove, in what’s considered to be the first controlled scientific experiment, that scurvy could be prevented (and cured) by incorporating citrus fruits such as limes and oranges into the diet of sailors. Vitamin deficiencies are associated with several deficiency diseases, underscoring the need to ensure sufficient vitamin intake. But in adults, it both takes significantly longer to develop and tends to cause tip-off signs that something is wrong before bone warping sets in, such as extreme pain in the bones, and unexplained muscle weakness. poor concentration. Deficiency of Minerals Table lists some important minerals and their sources, functions, deficiency diseases, and symptoms. Vitamin D deficiency. diarrhea. In the rest of the world, displacement due to war, and unfortified food from aid programs, has left survivors with enough calories, but not enough nutrients. Cataracts. Due to lack of cure, several sailors died of this disease during long voyages. Calcium is a team player. Vitamin … when your small intestine is damaged, it can’t absorb vitamins and minerals. Scurvy didn’t become a significant problem until the Age of Discovery (beginning in the 15th century), when people at sea were not able to access that much-needed fresh food for months at a time. 4 Diseases Caused by a Lack of Essential Vitamins and Minerals Beriberi became one of the leading causes of mortality in the region. Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. This chapter reviews the evidence linking slight deficiencies or excesses of vitamins and minerals to a number of chronic diseases. Deficiency disease examples: Vitamin B1 deficiency causes beriberi, lack of iron in the body can lead to anaemia. If you answered “vampirism,” you’re close—the myth of the vampire may have its roots in the condition known as “pellagra.”, Pellagra is caused by a lack of vitamin B3 (niacin). In newly diagnosed or untreated celiac disease, damage to the small intestine can lead to poor absorption of vitamins and minerals. Less commonly, it can also be caused by a lack of calcium or phosphorus, but vitamin D deficiency is by far the most common cause. Page 110 Share Cite Suggested Citation: "8 Vitamins, Minerals, and Chronic Diseases." This leads to costochondral swelling, or what’s known as the “rachitic rosary” along the ribcage of the child, as well as widened wrists and “thick” joints. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia. 40 41. Although his findings weren’t widely accepted at first, the British Navy eventually began issuing standard rations of lemon juice, and later, limes, to their sailors—which gave rise to the term “limey” in reference to the British. Vitamin A Deficiency (Causes Night Blindness) You may have vitamin A deficiency if you experience … It also affects the immune system and results in deaths from malaria, diarrhoea and measles. Before widened wrists or rachitic rosary appears, the softening of the skull bones can lead to “Caput Quadratum”—a square-headed appearance, and often the first sign of skeletal growth problems. Vitamins and Minerals – Deficiency Diseases Deficiency of Vitamins Table lists some important vitamins and their sources, functions, deficiency diseases, and symptoms. Vitamins linked to vitamin deficiency anemia include folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin C.Vitamin deficiency anemia can occur if you don't eat enough folate, vitamin B-12 or vitamin C. 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