jute, hemp or coir. There are three main stages of producing fiber from industrial hemp – harvesting, retting and separation. For an annual yield of this level is it in Ontario recommended to add nitrogen (N):70–110 kg/ha, phosphate (P2O5): up to 80 kg/ha and potash (K2O): 40–90 kg/ha. Hemp is a sustainable and environmental friendly crop that can provide valuable raw materials to a large number of industrial applications. The most problematic for outdoor crops are the voracious stem-boring caterpillars, which include the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and the Eurasian hemp borer, Grapholita delineana. Since hemp is very self-compatible, it can also be grown several years in a row in the same fields (monoculture). A crop grown specifically for fibre will generally produce a higher quality product than a dual-use crop. Hemp (from Old English hænep) is mostly used as a name for low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) strains of the plant Cannabis sativa, of fiber and/or oilseed varieties. "[59][60][61], Production of vehicle fuel from hemp is very small. Traditionally, hemp stalks would be water-retted first before the fibers were beaten off the inner hurd by hand, a process known as scutching. Abaca, (Musa textilis), plant of the family Musaceae, and its fibre, which is second in importance among the leaf fibre group. Bear, James A. Jr., and Lucia C. Stanton, eds. [citation needed], Hemp is usually planted between March and May in the northern hemisphere, between September and November in the southern hemisphere. Part of plant used as fiber - Seed fibers obtained from species of Gossypium Fibers are hairs that extend from the seed coats of each of the ten or so seeds in every fruit. Obtaining technical fibre is associated with the destruction of the stem or other part of the plant containing fibre bearing tissues (e.g. Retting is a process involving the use of moisture and microbes to break down the chemical bonds (pectin) holding the hemp stem together, enabling easier separation of the bast from the woody core (the hurd or shiv). The first to initiate modern research into the potential of cannabis was the state of Tasmania, which pioneered the licensing of hemp during the early 1990s. Deforestation, particularly the destruction of old growth forests, and the world’s decreasing supply of wild timber resources are today major ecological concerns. [124], Textile expert Elizabeth Wayland Barber summarizes the historical evidence that Cannabis sativa, "grew and was known in the Neolithic period all across the northern latitudes, from Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Romania, Ukraine) to East Asia (Tibet and China)," but, "textile use of Cannabis sativa does not surface for certain in the West until relatively late, namely the Iron Age. Hemp yields three to four times more usable fibre per hectare per annum than forests, and hemp doesn't need pesticides or herbicides. [23] Typically, the portion suggested on packages for an adult is 30 grams, approximately three tablespoons. These diseases rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp production is not traditionally dependent on the use of pesticides. The narcotic content is because of tetra-hydro-cannabinol content (THC) that is much as 20 % … Commercial biodiesel and biogas is typically produced from cereals, coconuts, palm seeds, and cheaper raw materials like garbage, wastewater, dead plant and animal material, animal feces and kitchen waste.[62]. If the paper industry were to switch from wood to hemp for sourcing its cellulose fibers, the following benefits could be utilized: However, hemp has had a hard time competing with paper from trees or recycled newsprint. What Is Industrial Hemp? Hemp is a A Beginners Guide for plan growing industrial hemp growing or not, containing Explaining the Difference - THC )—or, to the consumers to Industrial THC, is grown on — This the genus Cannabis and variant of cannabis containing hemp plants were grown Is Hemp? Hemp is considered by a 1998 study in Environmental Economics to be environmentally friendly due to a decrease of land use and other environmental impacts, indicating a possible decrease of ecological footprint in a US context compared to typical benchmarks. Hemp paper can be recycled up to 8 times, compared to just 3 times for paper made from wood pulp. These plants have served a wide variety of purposes for more than 10,000 years: for fiber (from the plant's stems), protein (from seeds), and oils and smokable portions (from the leaves and flowers). [77] A 2010 study, however, that compared the production of paper specifically from hemp and eucalyptus concluded that "industrial hemp presents higher environmental impacts than eucalyptus paper"; however, the article also highlights that "there is scope for improving industrial hemp paper production". Though these laws against marijuana are some of the world's strictest, allowing five years imprisonment for possession of the drug, they exempt hemp growers, whose crop is used to make robes for Buddhist monks and loincloths for Sumo wrestlers. [129] In July 1605, Samuel Champlain reported the use of grass and hemp clothing by the (Wampanoag) people of Cape Cod and the (Nauset) people of Plymouth Bay told him they harvested hemp in their region where it grew wild to a height of 4 to 5 ft. indica generally has poor fiber quality and female buds from this variety are primarily used for recreational and medicinal purposes. Different fibre crops and the fibres obtained from them are mentioned below: Many plants that are a ch source of fibres produce bast fibres, seed fibres and leaf fibres. When spun, it is rather like flax but thicker and coarser. [119][123] The Chinese later used hemp to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper. The United Kingdom and Germany resumed commercial production in the 1990s. Several factors favor the increased use of wood substitutes for paper, especially agricultural fibers such as hemp. Natural fibres can be divided into six main categories (Fig. [97][98], In 2017, the cultivated area for hemp in the Prairie provinces include Saskatchewan with more than 56,000 acres (23,000 ha), Alberta with 45,000 acres (18,000 ha), and Manitoba with 30,000 acres (12,000 ha). The Hemp fiber or industrial hemp is obtained from the outer layer or the bast of the Cannabis sativa plant, more popularly known as that meant for producing marijuana or hashish. Hemp fibers are found in the stem of the plant which makes them strong and stiff, a primary requirement for the reinforcement of composite materials. 341–56. Organic fertilizers such as manure are one of the best methods of weed control. [6] The legality of industrial hemp varies widely between countries. Cultural and physical controls should be employed in conjunction with biological pest controls, chemical applications should only be used as a last resort. Additionally, hemp is being used to clean contaminants at the Chernobyl nuclear disaster site, by way of a process which is known as phytoremediation—the process of clearing radioisotopes and a variety of other toxins from the soil, water, and air. It matures in about three to four months. [75] Another lepidopteran, the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, is known to damage flowering parts and can be challenging to control. The hemp plant {CannaMs sativa) is an annual, belonging to the nettle family. [75] As the names imply, they target the stems reducing the structural integrity of the plant. [160] This increase amounted to more than 20 times the production in 1941 before the war effort. Mauritius hemp, (Furcraea foetida), plant of the asparagus family (Asparagaceae) and its fibre, belonging to the leaf fibre group. The world production of hemp fiber fell from over 300,000 metric tons 1961 to about 75,000 metric tons in the early 1990s and has after that been stable at that level. [1] Along with bamboo, hemp is one of the fastest growing plants[2] on Earth. Some of the non-target materials, such as the leaves, are returned to the soil and the solid hurd can be processed further for use in paper, plastics and insulation products. Rochester, VT. Park Street Press, 2010. Hemp tow is used for stuffing or coarse yarn spinning and line fibre for higher-end applications such as clothing fabrics, furnishing and floor coverings. [71][73] Oilseed and fiber varieties of Cannabis approved for industrial hemp production produce only minute amounts of this psychoactive drug, not enough for any physical or psychological effects. So, it is generally grown before winter cereals. Most recently, South Australia legalized industrial hemp under South Australia's Industrial Hemp Act 2017, which commenced on 12 November 2017. CBD can be found in these plants wherever there is terpenes (the odorous compound that exists in many plants to prevent herbivores from eating them). [16] Hemp oil is cold-pressed from the seed and is high in unsaturated fatty acids. Hemp fiber is stronger and softer than cotton, lasts twice as long as cotton, and will not mildew” (HempBasic.com). This was traditionally followed by retting, either water retting (the bundled hemp floats in water) or dew retting (the hemp remains on the ground and is affected by the moisture in dew and by molds and bacterial action). [85][86] Only a part of that is bast fiber. Greater seeding depths result in increased weed competition. Hemp fibers can be used to make items including paper, clothing, furnishing fabric, rope, and building materials. 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